Opportunities and Prospects for the Application of Terahertz Technologies in Customs Control
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of terahertz (THz) technologies in the context of customs control, focusing on their potential for the non-invasive detection of concealed objects such as contraband, explosives, and drugs. Terahertz waves, operating in the 0.1–10 THz frequency range, offer unique penetration capabilities through non-metallic materials without ionizing radiation, making them suitable for security systems in high-throughput environments like borders and ports. The study examines the theoretical foundations, including the principles of photodetection and material interaction, evaluates current applications in scanning international mail and individuals, and highlights advantages such as high resolution and safety. The challenges of applying THz technologies are also discussed, including atmospheric absorption and high costs, alongside prospects for integration with artificial intelligence (AI) and new materials like graphene. Market forecasts indicate growth from USD 729.59 million in 2023 to USD 2.12 billion by 2029, underscoring the potential of THz technology to enhance the efficiency and security of customs control.References
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